Functional rare variant in a binding site in gene increases the risk of coronary artery disease.

Objective: regulates activation of vascular endothelial cells, and genome-wide association studies showed that variants in confer risk to stroke. However, whether variants in are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

Methods: We genotyped rs34166160 in in two independent Chinese GeneID populations which included 2,794 CAD cases and 4,131 controls, and performed genetics association studies. Functional studies were also performed to reveal the mechanisms.

Results: Allele rs34166160 significantly confers risk to CAD in the GeneID Hubei population which contained 1,440 CAD cases and 2,660 CAD-free controls (observed = 6.39 × 10 with an odds ratio (OR) was 3.39, adjusted = 8.12 × 10 with an OR of 3.10). The association was replicated in another population, GeneID Shandong population contained 1,354 CAD cases and 1,471 controls ( = 3.33 × 10 with an OR of 3.14, = 0.01 with an OR of 2.74). After combining the two populations, the association was more significant ( = 1.57 × 10 with an OR of 3.58, = 3.41 × 10 with an OR of 2.80). In addition, we found that rs34166160 was associated with the mRNA expression level of and the flanking region of rs34166160 can directly bind with transcriptional factor CCAAT-box/enhancer-binding protein beta, and the risk A allele has more transcription activity than non-risk C allele with or without LPS in HUVEC cells.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the functional rare variant rs34166160 in confers risk to CAD for the first time, and these findings further expand the range of the pathology of CAD and atherosclerosis.