The rapid development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in emerging markets is pouring huge reserves into, and triggering broad interest in the battery sector, as the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs)is driving the explosive growth of EV LIBs. These mounting demands are posing severe challenges to the supply of raw materials for LIBs and producing an enormous quantity of spent LIBs, bringing difficulties in the areas of resource allocation and environmental protection. This review article presents an overview of the global situation of power LIBs, aiming at different methods to treat spent power LIBs and their associated metals. We provide a critical review of power LIB supply chain, industrial development, waste treatment strategies and recycling, etc. Power LIBs will form the largest proportion of the battery industry in the next decade. The analysis of the sustainable supply of critical metal materials is emphasized, as recycling metal materials can alleviate the tight supply chain of power LIBs. The existing significant recycling practices that have been recognized as economically beneficial can promote metal closed-loop recycling. Scientific thinking needs to innovate sustainable and cost-effective recycling technologies to protect the environment because of the chemicals contained in power LIBs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127900 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem Lett
March 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the fundamental electrochemical technology powering modern electric vehicles. The performance of LIBs is closely related to the quality of the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers. For the first time, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was successfully used to study the formation and surface changes of the CEI layer in operando at the solid/liquid interface during the initial formation cycle using a commercially relevant electrode (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Bioanal Chem
March 2025
Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
Inflammation detection in blood serum samples is commonly performed using clinical analyzers, which are expensive and complex and require specific labels or markers. Spectrochemical analytical techniques, such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), have emerged as alternative methods for qualitative and non-destructive analysis in various fields. This study explores applying LIBS and LIF techniques for label-free discrimination between normal and inflammatory blood serum samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
February 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become integral to modern technology, powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. This document explores the complexities and advancements in LIB technology, highlighting the fundamental components such as anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators. It delves into the critical interplay of these components in determining battery performance, including energy density, cycling stability, and safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
March 2025
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, No.2360 Jinhai Road, Shanghai, 201209, PR China. Electronic address:
The rapid growth of electric vehicles worldwide has resulted in a significant increase in the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), thereby accelerating the development of the LIBs recycling industry. Currently, the predominant methods for recycling spent LIBs include pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling techniques, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. To enhance the recycling efficiency of cathode metals from spent LIBs while promoting environmental sustainability, green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted scholarly interest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an indispensable power source for electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, the exponential growth in production and usage has necessitated highly effective recycling of end-of-life LIBs to recover valuable resources and minimize the environmental impact. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes are the most common recycling methods but pose considerable difficulties.
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