The development of effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has been a significant accomplishment. Adverse events are extremely rare, but continued surveillance is important, especially in at-risk populations. In 5 patients with preexisting immune dysregulation, hyperinflammatory syndromes, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, developed after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Early recognition of this rare condition is essential.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689836 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab1024 | DOI Listing |
Pediatr Blood Cancer
December 2024
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beijing Jingdu Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by immune dysregulation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents the only option for long-term cure for primary HLH. However, only around 25% of patients have a fully HLA-matched donor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Paediatr Child Health
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Aim: The severity of COVID-19 is influenced by uncontrolled hyper-inflammatory response with excessive release of many cytokines and chemokines. The understanding of the temporal change in the cytokine levels that underlies the diverse clinical presentations of COVID-19 can help in the prediction of the disease outcome and in the design of proper treatment strategies.
Method: Data were collected from children (<18 years old) hospitalised with severe COVID-19 or severe MIS-C who were compared to a group of healthy control children.
Leuk Lymphoma
December 2024
Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by uncontrolled immune activation. While traditionally associated with genetic mutations affecting cytotoxic function, recent advances have highlighted the prevalence and significance of HLH in adults, particularly in hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH), a complex and challenging condition with a poor prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome fueled by uncontrolled mononuclear phagocyte activity, yet the innate immune mechanisms driving HLH pathogenesis remain elusive. Germline gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CARD11, a pivotal regulator of lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling, cause the lymphoproliferative disease B-cell expansion with NF-κB and T-cell anergy, which is frequently associated with HLH development. Given that CARD11 is physiologically expressed not only in lymphocytes but also in dendritic cells (DCs), we explored whether enforced CARD11 signaling in DCs contributes to immunopathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cell Biochem
December 2024
Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
The complex link between COVID-19 and immunometabolic diseases demonstrates the important interaction between metabolic dysfunction and immunological response during viral infections. Severe COVID-19, defined by a hyperinflammatory state, is greatly impacted by underlying chronic illnesses aggravating the cytokine storm caused by increased levels of Pro-inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic reprogramming, including increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial function, promotes viral replication and stimulates inflammatory cytokine production, contributing to illness severity.
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