AI Article Synopsis
- Gemini surfactants are made of two linked cationic monomers, which gives them high surface activity and the ability to reduce water surface tension.
- Their unique structure leads to impressive properties like antibacterial activity, anticorrosion capabilities, and interactions with biomolecules, all of which can be optimized by altering their components.
- Compared to traditional surfactants, gemini surfactants work better at lower concentrations, leading to reduced material use and lower toxicity, though concerns about biocompatibility have spurred the development of safer alternatives like amino acid-based surfactants.
Article Abstract
Gemini surfactants consist of two cationic monomers of a surfactant linked together with a spacer. The specific structure of a cationic gemini surfactant is the reason for both its high surface activity and its ability to decrease the surface tension of water. The high surface activity and unique structure of gemini surfactants result in outstanding properties, including antibacterial and antifungal activity, anticorrosion properties, unique aggregation behaviour, the ability to form various structures reversibly in response to environmental conditions, and interactions with biomacromolecules such as DNA and proteins. These properties can be tailored by selecting the optimal structure of a gemini surfactant in terms of the nature and length of its alkyl substituents, spacer, and head group. Additionally, regarding their properties, comparison with their monomeric counterparts demonstrates that gemini surfactants have higher performance efficacy at lower concentrations. Hence, less material is needed, and the toxicity is lower. However, there are some limitations regarding their biocompatibility that have led researchers to develop amino acid-based and sugar-based gemini surfactants. Owing to their remarkable properties, cationic gemini surfactants are promising candidates for bioapplications such as drug delivery systems, gene carriers, and biomaterial surface modification.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102581 | DOI Listing |
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