Purpose: To investigate the influence of carbodiimide (EDC) in water, ethanol and acetone on bonding performance of acetone-based etch-and-rinsing adhesive system.
Methods: Sixty-four third molars in vitro were randomly divided into 8 groups according to the types of pretreatment agents, with or without aging(n=8), group S0 and S0a: deionized water; group S and Sa: EDC in water; group E and Ea: EDC in ethanol; group B and Ba: EDC in acetone. After pretreatment, the adhesive specimens were prepared by Prime Bond NT. S0, S, E and B were immediate groups, and S0a, Sa, Ea and Ba groups were subjected to aging test for 5 000 times. Six specimens were randomly selected from each group to test the shear bond strength and observe the fracture mode. The remaining 2 specimens were used to observe the microstructure of bonding interface by scanning electron microscopy. The shear bond strength was statistically analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software package.
Results: It was found that the shear bond strength of group S was significantly higher than that of group S0, and the shear bond strength of group Sa was significantly higher than that of group S0a(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between groups S, E and B(P>0.05). The shear bond strength of Sa, Ea and Ba increased successively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Three factor analysis of variance found that the main effect of EDC, aging and solvent alone was significantly different(P<0.05), and there was an interaction effect between EDC and aging(P<0.05). The fracture modes of immediate groups were mainly mixed failure, while the interface fracture was the most common in the aging groups. SEM observation showed that all the hybrid layers were uniform and complete in the immediate groups, and the largest crack in S0a group and a few cracks in Ba group.
Conclusions: EDC pretreatment in water, ethanol, and acetone solvents can improve both the immediate and aging bonding strength of acetone-based etch-and-rinsing adhesive system. Acetone acts as the solvents of EDC maximizes the shear bond strength among the aging groups.
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