The lattice phase field model is developed to simulate microstructures of nanoscale materials. The grid spacing in simulation is rescaled and restricted to the lattice parameter of real materials. Two possible approaches are used to solve the phase field equations at the length scale of lattice parameter. Examples for lattice phase field modeling of complex nanostructures are presented to demonstrate the potential and capability of this model, including ferroelectric superlattice structure, ferromagnetic composites, and the grain growth process under stress. Advantages, disadvantages, and future directions with this phase field model are discussed briefly.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237317 | DOI Listing |
Chemistry
January 2025
Ruhr Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstraße 150, NC 3/26, 44801, Bochum, GERMANY.
In recent years, formic acid (FA) has garnered attention as a compelling molecule for various chemical and everyday applications Additionally, with recent studies demonstrating direct FA generation through CO2 electrolysis, it can serve as a stable liquid hydrogen carrier. Nevertheless, FA-permeability via semi-permeable ion‑exchange membranes (FA-crossover) still constitutes a major issue in scalable polymer-electrolyte separated zero-gap electrolyzers, limiting the breakthrough of the technology to the larger-scale. Herein we present a holistic route towards understanding the mechanism of FA-crossover in zero-gap cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Technol Adv Mater
December 2024
JST-CREST, Saitama, Japan.
In this review, we present a new set of machine learning-based materials research methodologies for polycrystalline materials developed through the Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. We focus on the constituents of polycrystalline materials (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch (Wash D C)
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, The Future Medicine Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
Excessive fibrosis is the primary factor for the failure of glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation. Thus, strategies to suppress scar formation in GDD implantation are crucial. Although it is known that in implanted medical devices, microscale modification of the implant surface can modulate cell behavior and reduce the incidence of fibrosis, in the field of ophthalmic implants, especially the modification and effects of hydrogel micropatterns have rarely been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
Railway bridges with lower beam bottom clearances in windblown sand areas tend to accumulate sand particles on the sides of the beams, which seriously impacts railway safety. To investigate the effect of beam clearance height on wind-sand movement near the surface, and to determine the minimum clearance height for railway bridges in such areas, computational fluid dynamics using the Euler-Euler two-phase flow model was employed to simulate the wind-sand flow field beneath bridges with different heights. The results indicated that as clearance height increased, both the high-speed area above the bridge and acceleration area under the bridge increased, while the turbulence area on the leeward side remained unchanged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Unité de Recherche d'Automatique et d'Informatique Appliquée (UR-AIA), IUT-FV Bandjoun University of Dschang, P.O. Box 134, Bandjoun, Cameroon.
This study presents a family of coexisting multi-scroll chaos in a network of coupled non-oscillatory neurons. The dynamics of the system are analyzed using phase portraits, basins of attraction, time series, bifurcation diagrams, and spectra of Lyapunov exponents. The coexistence of multiple bifurcation diagrams leads to a complex pattern of multi-scroll formation, which is further complicated by the presence of coexisting single-scroll attractors that merge to form multi-scroll chaos.
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