To examine the impacts of a government-implemented cash plus program on violence experiences and perpetration among Tanzanian adolescents. We used data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (n = 130 communities) conducted in the Mbeya and Iringa regions of Tanzania to isolate impacts of the "plus" components of the cash plus intervention. The panel sample comprised 904 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in households receiving a government cash transfer. We estimated intent-to-treat impacts on violence experiences, violence perpetration, and pathways of impact. The plus intervention reduced female participants' experiences of sexual violence by 5 percentage points and male participants' perpetration of physical violence by 6 percentage points. There were no intervention impacts on emotional violence, physical violence, or help seeking. Examining pathways, we found positive impacts on self-esteem and participation in livestock tending and, among female participants, a positive impact on sexual debut delays and a negative effect on school attendance. By addressing poverty and multidimensional vulnerability, integrated social protection can reduce violence. There is high potential for scale-up and sustainability, and this program reaches some of the most vulnerable and marginalized adolescents. (. 2021;111(12):2227-2238. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306509).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306509 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: Psychiatric disorders are a substantial public health concern, and childhood adversity a well-known risk factor for it. Investigating gender differences in vulnerability and resilience processes following out-of-home care (OHC) as proxy for childhood adversity can help map opportunities for the prevention of psychiatric disorders.
Methods: We followed a large birth cohort for psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, and self-harm, and substance misuse) between age 25-62 years, comparing individuals with and without OHC experience.
Stress Health
February 2025
Marketing, International Business and Tourism Department, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
In recent years, workplace violence has become an escalating concern, particularly within the healthcare sector. Healthcare workers, who dedicate their lives to caring for others, are increasingly facing violence within their workplaces as evidenced by existing studies. However, literature overlooks complex associations between workplace violence, workplace stress, and domestic violence and stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Care
January 2025
Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
People living with HIV (PLWH) in Canada experience high rates of interpersonal violence which may lead to adverse health outcomes that require hospitalization. Using self-reported data on experiences of violence linked to administrative health data on hospitalizations, we used Poisson regression modelling to examine and compare the associations between experiences of violence (recent [in the past 6 months], non-recent [>6 months ago], or none) and hospitalization rates, among a sample of PLWH in British Columbia, Canada. Of 984 PLWH included in this study, 60.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychol
January 2025
College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), sleep, and lower extremity function in older adults using a nationally representative cohort.
Methods: This study included 4,439 participants aged 60 years or older (mean age: 67.2 ± 5.
Learn Mem
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
Agency beliefs influence how humans learn from different contexts and outcomes. Research demonstrates that stressors, such as exposure to early-life adversity (ELA), are associated with both agency beliefs and learning, but how these processes interact remains unclear. The current study investigated whether exposure to ELA influences agency and interacts with reinforcement learning in adults.
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