This work investigated the antifungal, cytotoxic and LPS-induced anti-inflammatory effects of five species (, , and ). The antifungal activity of the aqueous-methanolic extracts were performed using the broth dilution method against four non-albicans species (, and ). The cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were evaluated on African green monkey Vero kidney cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay and the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (HDCF-DA) method. The fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Q Exactive plus orbitrap™ Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) analysis was conducted to evaluate phytochemical constituents of the extracts. The plant extracts selected in this study displayed potency against the species tested, with MIC values ≤0.62 mg/mL for , and . A dose-dependent cell viability was observed on Vero cells with all extracts showing LC values >20 μg/mL. Extracts tested at 10 μg/mL elicited a significant decrease in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Vero cells with , , and displaying inhibitory percentages of 35%, 32%, 55%, 52% and 49%, respectively. Characterisation of functional groups representing compounds in the extracts demonstrated the presence of different classes of compounds of the aliphatic, sugar and aromatic types. The Q Exactive plus orbitrap™ mass spectrometer enabled tentative identification of three major compounds in the extracts, including epigallocatechin, methyl gallate and quercetin amongst others. Based on the mass spectrometer results, it is postulated that quercetin found mostly in active extracts of , and may be responsible for the observed antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. This data demonstrates that the species that were investigated could potentially be promising candidates for the management of fungal infections and related inflammation.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08425 | DOI Listing |
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