Front Sports Act Living
United States Anti-Doping Agency, Colorado Springs, CO, United States.
Published: November 2021
This paper describes nine instances of positive anti-doping tests that could be accounted for by the use of permitted generic prescription drugs contaminated with diuretics, which are prohibited in sport at all times under the WADA Prohibited List. The contamination levels found in the medications are reported and were below FDA limits for manufacturers that are based primarily on safety considerations. These cases demonstrate that great care must be taken to identify the source of low-level anti-doping positives for diuretics reported by WADA-accredited laboratories, and possibly other prohibited substances as well, in order to avoid sanctioning innocent athletes. An evaluation of the cases in this paper supports an approach which establishes a laboratory minimum reporting level (MRL) for diuretics found most commonly in medications. A global consensus after extensive review of similar anti-doping cases has resulted in implementation of a recently announced solution regarding potential diuretic contamination cases.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8635962 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.692244 | DOI Listing |
ACS Med Chem Lett
October 2024
NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
Arch Toxicol
December 2024
Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
In recent years, nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals have been subject to intense regulatory scrutiny, with nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) treated as cohort of concern impurities, regardless of predicted mutagenic potential. Here, we describe a case study of the NDSRI N-nitroso-hydrochlorothiazide (NO-HCTZ), which was positive in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test but is unstable under the test conditions, generating formaldehyde among other products. The mutagenic profile of NO-HCTZ was inconsistent with that expected of a mutagenic nitrosamine, exhibiting mutagenicity in the absence of metabolic activation, and instead aligned well with that of formaldehyde.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeorgian Med News
June 2024
3Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Drug Metab Dispos
October 2024
Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.B., A-M. G., A.T., H.G., M.T.); University Hospital Muenster (UKM), Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Muenster, Germany (S.K., E.N.); Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany (F.W.); Centre for Urology, Neuss, Germany (E.G.); and European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, Germany (H.G., M.T.)
Exogenous substances, including drugs and chemicals, can transfer into human seminal fluid and influence male fertility and reproduction. In addition, substances relevant in the context of sports drug testing programs, can be transferred into the urine of a female athlete (after unprotected sexual intercourse) and trigger a so-called adverse analytical finding. Here, the question arises as to whether it is possible to distinguish analytically between intentional doping offenses and unintentional contamination of urine by seminal fluid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Chim Acta
August 2024
X-Pertise Consulting, 42 rue Principale, F-67206 Mittelhausbergen, France; Institut de Médecine Légale, 11 rue Humann, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address:
In case of an adverse analytical finding, a low (estimate) urine concentration can be the consequence of 2 very different situations: it can be the tail end of a drug voluntarily consumed to enhance athletic performance, even by microdosing (which is not effective for all drugs), or it can be the result of a contamination, irrespective of its source. For numerous doping agents, a hair test can allow discriminating doping from contamination based on the measured concentration or even the absence of the target drug. Given hair produces incremental concentrations, its analysis offers the possibility of establishing a pattern of drug use and thus, verifying self-reported histories of exposure.
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