Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) have been characterized at the molecular level through bioptic sections and cell lines. Despite these advances, there is a need for a more thorough characterization of the thymic stroma in thymoma, particularly because of the diversity of cell types that populate the tumor and the absence of a healthy thymic counterpart. Recent work on healthy pediatric thymi - both in vitro and at the single-cell level - now sets the stage for new studies on their neoplastic counterparts. Furthermore, general transcription factor IIi (GTF2I), a thymoma-specific oncogene, as well as some of its SNPs, are increasingly associated with autoimmune disease, a significant feature of thymomas. We summarize recent discoveries in the field and discuss the development of new targeted therapies.
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Reconstitution of the thymus is essential for assessing thymic function following injury. However, the currently employed cytoreductive regimes unvaryingly affect the thymic microenvironment, thereby impeding the recovery of T lymphopoiesis. The thymic stroma is composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
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Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Electronic address:
The thymus is crucial for optimal T-cell development by facilitating the generation and selection of a diverse repertoire of T cells that can recognize foreign antigens while promoting tolerance to self-antigens. A number of inborn errors of immunity causing complete or partial defects in thymic development (athymia) and/or impaired thymic function have been increasingly recognized that manifest clinically with a combination of life-threatening infections, severe multiorgan autoimmunity, and/or cardiac, craniofacial, ectodermal, and endocrine abnormalities. The introduction of newborn screening programs and the advent of thymic transplantation show promise for early detection and improving the outcomes of patients with certain thymic inborn errors of immunity.
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Minimally invasive thoracoscopic resection of a micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma via a subxiphoid single-incision approach: A case report.
Medicine (Baltimore)
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Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Rationale: This study aims to present a novel surgical approach for the resection of anterior mediastinal tumors, specifically focusing on micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma (MNT), a rare and distinct variant of thymoma. The single subxiphoid incision technique, although reported in limited cases, offers a minimally invasive option with potential benefits. We report the case of a 76-year-old male who underwent this innovative procedure and was diagnosed with MNT, providing insight into the management and outcomes of this rare pathology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHide-and-Seek With Spindle-Cell-Component-Poor Metaplastic Thymoma.
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National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, LTU.
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