Objective: As consciousness recovery is not only dynamic but also involves interactions between various brain regions, elucidating the mechanism of recovery requires tracking cortical activity in spatio-temporal dimensions.
Methods: We tracked the cortical activities of 40 patients (mean age: 54.38 years; 28 males; 21 patients with minimally conscious states) with disorders of consciousness, and collected a total of 156 electroencephalographic signals. We investigated the longitudinal changes in EEG nonlinear dynamic features (i.e., approximate entropy, sample entropy, and Lempel-Ziv complexity) and relative wavelet energy along with consciousness recovery.
Results: Global EEG features showed a non-monotonic trend during consciousness recovery (P < 0.05). When the level of consciousness of patients was transferred to a minimally conscious state from an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome/ vegetative state, an inflection point appeared in the EEG features. The EEG feature change trends between the injured and uninjured areas were dissimilar (P < 0.05). Importantly, the degree of dissimilarity increased non-monotonically across the levels of consciousness (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: EEG recovery was non-monotonic and dissimilar in spatio-temporal dimensions, with an inflection point.
Significance: These findings further clarify the process of consciousness recovery and provide assistance in exploring the mechanism of consciousness recovery.
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