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Alterations of whole body glucose metabolism in a feline SARS-CoV-2 infection model.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
June 2024
Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States.
Article Synopsis
- SARS-CoV-2 significantly affects patients with pre-existing health issues, particularly metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, leading to increased mortality when blood glucose levels rise during infection.
- The study found that infection in cats increased blood glucose and altered glucose transporter protein levels in the lungs, suggesting a change in glucose metabolism to support the virus's replication.
- This feline model provides valuable insights into human COVID-19 and may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic issues during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Model of the Blood-Brain at 10 Years: A Retrospective on Past and Current Disease Models.
Handb Exp Pharmacol
November 2023
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
The initial discovery and derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Yamanaka and colleagues in 2006 revolutionized the field of personalized medicine, as it opened the possibility to model diseases using patient-derived stem cells. A decade of adoption of iPSCs within the community of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly opened the door for modeling diseases at the BBB, a task until then considered challenging, if not impossible.In this book chapter, we provided an extensive review of the literature on the use of iPSC-based models of the human BBB to model neurological diseases including infectious diseases (COVID-19, Streptococcus, Neisseria) neurodevelopmental diseases (adrenoleukodystrophy, Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome, Batten's disease, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome), and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, the current findings and observations, but also the challenges and limitations inherent to the use of iPSC-based models in reproducing the human BBB during health and diseases in a Petri dish.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIF-1α-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming, Oxidative Stress, and Bioenergetic Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Hamsters.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2022
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and oxygen levels, highlighting the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) pathway in infected lungs of Syrian hamsters.
- Increased presence of HIF-1α and its target proteins, which are linked to glycolysis, was found in areas with lung inflammation caused by infiltrating immune cells.
- The research suggests that HIF-1α could play a significant role in driving inflammation and metabolic changes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to issues with energy production in the lungs.
The atypical β-blocker S-oxprenolol reduces cachexia and improves survival in a rat cancer cachexia model.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
February 2023
Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- The study tests the effectiveness of two stereoisomers of oxprenolol (S-oxprenolol and R-oxprenolol) in combating cancer cachexia using rat and mouse models, with S-oxprenolol showing superior results.
- S-oxprenolol significantly reduced mortality and body weight loss compared to R-oxprenolol, demonstrating a clear dose-dependent effect on overall health and muscle mass in the Yoshida rat model.
- While S-oxprenolol improved certain quality of life indicators, such as food intake and grip strength, both stereoisomers had no notable impact on heart function or structure in the doses tested.
High D-glucose levels induce ACE2 expression via GLUT1 in human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3.
BMC Mol Cell Biol
July 2022
Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan.
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the host cell by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. ACE2 is expressed on human airway epithelial cells. Increased ACE2 expression may be associated with potentially high risk of COVID-19.
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