Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
Published: March 2022
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Predictions shape our perception. The theory of predictive processing poses that our brains make sense of incoming sensory input by generating predictions, which are sent back from higher to lower levels of the processing hierarchy. These predictions are based on our internal model of the world and enable inferences about the hidden causes of the sensory input data. It has been proposed that conscious perception corresponds to the currently most probable internal model of the world. Accordingly, predictions influencing conscious perception should be fed back from higher to lower levels of the processing hierarchy. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and multivoxel pattern analysis to show that non-stimulated regions of early visual areas contain information about the conscious perception of an ambiguous visual stimulus. These results indicate that early sensory cortices in the human brain receive predictive feedback signals that reflect the current contents of conscious perception.
L.-based food supplement products in pharmacies and para pharmacies in Portugal increased by 84 % between 2021 and 2022, arousing consumers' curiosity. However, information about these products is limited, and consumers are not aware of the restrictions in current European regulations.
In the attentional blink paradigm, participants attempt to identify two targets appearing in a rapidly presented stream of distractors. Report accuracy is typically high for the first target (T1) while identification of the second target (T2) is impaired when it follows within about 200-400 ms of T1. An important question is whether T2 is processed to a semantic level even when participants are unaware of its identity.
Surgeries are situations that endanger bodily integrity. The concept expressed by the term coined by Sherrington encompasses the perception of noxious stimuli and the organization of response to them. To understand the condition of the brain in which anesthesia is performed it is important to review new results of the neurophysiology of nociception.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis stands as the most prevalent form of autoimmune encephalitis, primarily affecting young patients and exhibiting a higher incidence among females. Patients frequently present with psychiatric symptoms or cognitive impairments such as speech disturbances, decreased level of consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, as well as seizures, dyskinesias, and catatonia due to overactivation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. To date, there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of catatonia; however, a few rating scales exist to measure this phenomenon, with the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale being the most commonly used due to its validity, reliability, and ease of application.
Purpose: The generation of consciousness poses a complex scientific challenge. Neuroscience and biological sciences have extensively studied this phenomenon, yielding numerous theories and hypotheses. However, to date, no reliable evidence has emerged to exclude any hypothesis conclusively, nor has any theory garnered unanimous agreement.
