This paper examines how photography shaped the American public's perception of psychiatric hospitals during the immediate post-WWII period. I will analyze photographs that appeared in popular exposé articles of that period and that used photography as a visual aid for disclosing the poor conditions of state hospitals, intending to promote reform efforts focused on turning antiquated asylums into modern hospitals. Existing scholarship has mentioned how these photographs had a significant influence on shaping the public's view of asylum conditions. Through a close examination of these photographs, I will argue that they often contained unintentional messages which stigmatized disabled people.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10912-021-09723-0 | DOI Listing |
Front Genet
January 2025
Center of Cellular and Genetic Science, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
High-altitude adaptation is a remarkable example of natural selection, yet the genomic and physiological adaptation mechanisms of Ethiopian highlanders remain poorly understood compared to their Andean and Tibetan counterparts. Ethiopian populations, such as the Amhara and Oromo, exhibit unique adaptive strategies characterized by moderate hemoglobin levels and enhanced arterial oxygen saturation, indicating distinct mechanisms of coping with chronic hypoxia. This review synthesizes current genomic insights into Ethiopian high-altitude adaptation, identifying key candidate genes involved in hypoxia tolerance and examining the influence of genetic diversity and historical admixture on adaptive responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, United States.
Introduction: T cells are involved in the early identification and clearance of viral infections and also support the development of antibodies by B cells. This central role for T cells makes them a desirable target for assessing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methods: Here, we combined two high-throughput immune profiling methods to create a quantitative picture of the T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2.
BMC Nutr
January 2025
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: Ultra-processed products (UPPs), high in sugar, fat and sodium, contribute to increasing burdens of obesity and non-communicable diseases in South Africa (SA). Increased consumption and acceptability of UPPs is driven, in part by aggressive marketing. Front of package labelling laws, particularly warning labels (WLs) coupled with marketing restrictions, have been recommended to improve consumer awareness of unhealthy products, incentivise reformulation and underpin other interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Endocr Metab Disord
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
This review focuses on our current understanding of how growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH): 1) stimulates GH release and synthesis from pituitary growth hormone (GH)-producing cells (somatotropes), 2) drives somatotrope proliferation, 3) is negatively regulated by somatostatin (SST), GH and IGF1, 4) is altered throughout lifespan and in response to metabolic challenges, and 5) analogues can be used clinically to treat conditions of GH excess or deficiency. Although a large body of early work provides an underpinning for our current understanding of GHRH, this review specifically highlights more recent work that was made possible by state-of-the-art analytical tools, receptor-specific agonists and antagonists, high-resolution in vivo and ex vivo imaging and the development of tissue (cell) -specific ablation mouse models, to paint a more detailed picture of the regulation and actions of GHRH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Biol Sci
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Despite broad consensus that highlighting counter-stereotypical scientist role models in educational materials promotes equity and success, the specific elements that make these materials effective remain untested. Are pictures of counter-stereotypical scientists enough to communicate to students that scientists come from a variety of backgrounds, or is additional information required? To parse the effects of including visual depictions and humanizing information about scientists featured in biology course materials, we distributed three randomized versions of assignments over several academic terms across 36 undergraduate institutions ( > 3700 students). We found that including humanizing information about scientists was key to increasing student engagement with the biology course materials.
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