AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how body composition, particularly obesity, affects metabolic flexibility, which is the body's ability to maintain homeostasis after eating, among adults.
- It involved 1,027 participants who underwent a meal challenge, with their blood biomarkers analyzed before and after eating to measure metabolic responses.
- Results showed that higher BMI and body fat were linked to changes in cholesterol, insulin, and other biomarkers, indicating that body composition plays a significant role in metabolic flexibility and potentially in the development of cardiometabolic diseases.
Article Abstract
Background & Aims: With the rise of global cardiometabolic diseases, it is important to investigate risk factors such as obesity. Metabolic flexibility, the ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis following an acute challenge, can reflect cardiometabolic health. We investigated the association between body composition and the metabolic flexibility following meal consumption in an adult population.
Methods: In this study of 1027 participants (mean age 44.0 y ± SD 4.2 y), we administered a mixed-macronutrient meal challenge. Fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma were assayed for lipids, glycemic, and inflammation biomarkers. We characterized metabolic flexibility through meal-induced biomarker responses (%Δ, the difference between postprandial and fasting concentrations, divided by fasting concentration). We then compared the responses by sex-specific tertiles of body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat.
Results: With every unit (kg/m) increase in BMI, %Δ (95% confidence interval) increased by 0.17% (0.09, 0.26%) for total cholesterol, 0.31% (0.07, 0.54%) for triglycerides, and 0.11% (0.01, 0.20%) for apoA-I, whereas insulin elevation was reduced (-6.30%; -8.41, -4.20%), and the reduction in leptin was attenuated (0.64%; 0.25, 1.05%). With each unit (percent) increase in body fat, we observed similar changes in the %Δ of total cholesterol and leptin but not in triglycerides, apoA-I, or insulin. Glucose response increased by 0.29% (0.06, 0.51%) as body fat increases by one unit.
Conclusion: Metabolic flexibility, as assessed by biomarker responses to an acute physiological meal challenge, differed by body composition. These findings may help elucidate the pathways through which obesity contributes to cardiometabolic diseases.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8646989 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.730 | DOI Listing |
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