For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Inpatient Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Demographics and Outcomes.

Objective: To describe differences in characteristics and outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury by inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) profit status.

Design: Retrospective database review using the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation.

Setting: IRFs.

Participants: Individual discharges (N=53,630) from 877 distinct rehabilitation facilities for calendar years 2016 through 2018.

Intervention: Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures: Patient demographic data (age, race, primary payer source), admission and discharge FIM, FIM gain, length of stay efficiency, acute hospital readmission from for-profit and not-for-profit IRFs within 30 days, and community discharges by facility profit status.

Results: Patients at for-profit facilities were significantly older (69.69 vs 64.12 years), with lower admission FIM scores (52 vs 57), shorter lengths of stay (13 vs 15 days), and higher discharge FIM scores (88 vs 86); for-profit facilities had higher rates of community discharges (76.8% vs 74.6%) but also had higher rates of readmission (10.3% vs 9.9%).

Conclusions: The finding that for-profit facilities admit older patients who are reportedly less functional on admission and more functional on discharge, with higher rates of community discharge but higher readmission rates than not-for-profit facilities is an unexpected and potentially anomalous finding. In general, older, less functional patients who stay for shorter periods of time would not necessarily be expected to make greater functional gains. These differences should be further studied to determine if differences in patient selection, coding and/or billing, or other unreported factors underlie these differences.