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Structure and growth of plant cell walls.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol
May 2024
Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Plant cells create strong yet flexible walls using three types of polysaccharides: cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins, which are made from simple sugars and have distinct physical properties.
- - The review explains the processes involved in wall growth, including cellulose production, regulation of wall pH, and the loosening of the wall facilitated by proteins and plant hormones like auxin and brassinosteroid.
- - It highlights the complex interactions and roles of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides, and cell wall proteins in adapting to stress and promoting growth through collaborative mechanisms.
The unique fibrilar to platy nano- and microstructure of twinned rotaliid foraminiferal shell calcite.
Sci Rep
February 2023
Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany.
Diversification of biocrystal arrangements, incorporation of biopolymers at many scale levels and hierarchical architectures are keys for biomaterial optimization. The planktonic rotaliid foraminifer Pulleniatina obliquiloculata displays in its shell a new kind of mesocrystal architecture. Shell formation starts with crystallization of a rhizopodial network, the primary organic sheet (POS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacterial Cellulose-Based Blends and Composites: Versatile Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2023
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
Cellulose of bacterial origin, known as bacterial cellulose (BC), is one of the most versatile biomaterials that has a huge potential in tissue engineering due to its favourable mechanical properties, high hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and purity. Additional properties such as porous nano-fibrillar 3D structure and a high degree of polymerisation of BC mimic the properties of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), making it an excellent material for the fabrication of composite scaffolds suitable for cell growth and tissue development. Recently, the fabrication of BC-based scaffolds, including composites and blends with nanomaterials, and other biocompatible polymers has received particular attention owing to their desirable properties for tissue engineering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSilsesquioxane-Doped Electrospun Nanofibrillar Membranes for Separation Systems.
Polymers (Basel)
August 2022
Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
In this study, a series of cage siloxanes (CS), e.g., three polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (SSQs) and one spherosilicate (SS) derivative, were applied as functional additives for the preparation of poly(lactic acid)-based (PLA) nanofibrillar membranes with an electrospinning technique utilizing an efficient spinning wire electrode setup.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRheological Considerations in Processing Self-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review.
Polymers (Basel)
February 2022
IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, F-59000 Lille, France.
The present review relates to the field of nanocomposite materials comprising a thermoplastic nanofibrillar phase dispersed in a matrix that is also thermoplastic. The fact of forming the nanofibrillar phase in situ during melt processing gives it the role of a reinforcing nanofiller for thermoplastic materials. This paper discusses the major factors influencing the formation of self-reinforced nanofibrillar polymer composite (NFC) materials throughout manufacturing steps.
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