The characterization of the elusive disease agent of the potato spindle tuber disease, potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), was aided by the ability to obtain large amounts of infected tomato tissue in a simple bioassay where PSTVd was easily mechanically transmissible to an alternate herbaceous host in which it thrived and produced dramatic symptoms in a relatively short period (Diener, Viroids. Handbook of plant virus infections: comparative diagnosis. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 913-934, 1981; Diener, Virology 45:411-428, 1971; Raymer and O'Brien, Am Pot J, 39:401-408, 1962). Reactions in the primary, or secondary, herbaceous indicator host can range from asymptomatic to severe depending upon the viroid strain, host species, and environmental conditions and can provide evidence of a viroid infection, but do not permit identification of the viroid in question. Further characterization by molecular hybridization, RT-PCR, and sequence analysis is used to determine the etiology of the disease agent. In this chapter, methods are described for mechanical inoculation of viroids to herbaceous hosts to determine the viroid nature of diseases and the experimental host range of the viroid or to shorten the time required for obtaining relatively large amounts of viroid for subsequent purification and characterization.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1464-8_2 | DOI Listing |
Plant Dis
January 2025
Henan Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China, 453007.
Echinacea purpurea (Eastern Purple Coneflower) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae. It originated from North America and is cultivated all over the world. Extracts of E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFungal Syst Evol
December 2024
Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurima-Machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie 514-8502, Japan.
species are plant pathogenic fungi causing leaf spot diseases of various hosts, including arboreous and herbaceous plants. The morphological characteristics of their asexual morphs and leaf spot symptoms are like those of spp. Due to their similar morphology, species of have largely been subsumed under A recent revision of the genus based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships resulted in the separation of from .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Dis
December 2024
College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Kunming, China;
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.), particularly the species Cuscuta chinensis, is a parasitic weed known for its ability to infest a broad spectrum of plant species, thereby significantly affecting the stability and functionality of native ecosystems (Zhang, Xu et al. 2021).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZoological Lett
December 2024
Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.
Species identification within the aphid genus Pemphigus Hartig, 1839 poses challenges due to morphological similarities and host-plant associations. Aphids of this genus generally exhibit complex life cycles involving primary hosts (poplars) and secondary (mostly unrelated herbaceous) host-plants, with some species relying solely on root-feeding generation. An example is a representative of the genus Pemphigus, trophically associated with grass roots, found in the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants host microorganisms that can facilitate their success in becoming invasive. Established plant invasions might thus provide useful insights into potential changes in plant-associated microbiomes over the course of the invasion process. Here, we investigated the endophytic bacterial communities of the invasive herbaceous legume , which is able to form mutualistic associations with N-fixing bacteria.
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