Removal kinetics of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in a batch-operated oxygen based membrane biofilm reactor treating greywater: Quantitative differentiation of adsorption and biodegradation.

Oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor (O-MBfR) is a unique technique for high linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)-containing greywater (GW) treatment. Despite the efficient removal of LAS, the dynamics of how it is taken up and the quantitative differentiation of adsorption and biodegradation are largely undefined. In this study, we tracked the fate of LAS, chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen in various systems: GW, GW with inactivated sludge (InAS) and GW with activated sludge (AS). We determined the distribution of biodegraded-, free-, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-attached LAS, and we also developed a model to simulate all the steps. Results showed that AS exhibited high live cells proportion and microbial activity, but the opposite trend for GW and InAS. Both of nitrogen and organics could be simultaneously and efficiently removed in the AS inoculated system. The two-step model for LAS uptake and biodegradation represented the experimental results well. EPS adsorption led to the fast LAS accumulation in biofilm, and biodegradation led to the continuous removal of LAS in the system. After operated for 24 h, biodegradation and EPS accumulation of LAS were 94% and 4%, respectively, and the residual soluble LAS was lower than 1%. This work lays the foundation for using O-MBfR to treat GW and other types of wastewater, and understanding the key roles of EPS and the mathematical model of LAS removal in the system.