Axons form the long-range connections of biological neuronal networks, which are built through the developmental process of axon guidance. Here, we describe a protocol to precisely and non-invasively control axonal growth trajectories in live zebrafish embryos using focal light activation of a photoactivatable Rac1. We outline techniques for photostimulation, time-lapse imaging, and immunohistochemistry. These approaches enable engineering of long-range axonal circuitry or repair of defective circuits in living zebrafish, despite a milieu of competing endogenous signals and repulsive barriers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Harris et al. (2020).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100947 | DOI Listing |
Front Cell Dev Biol
February 2025
Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
Axon guidance proteins not only play a role in the formation of proper neural circuits but also have other important functions, such as cell survival, migration, and proliferation in the brain. Therefore, mutations in the genes encoding these proteins frequently cause various types of neurological disorders, including psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. We previously identified an axon guidance protein, draxin, that is essential for the development of several neural circuits and cell survival in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscience
March 2025
Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medical Research Center of Anhui Province, The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China. Electronic address:
Myelin impairment is an important cause of cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD). Promoting myelin regeneration has become an important improvement strategy and oligodendrocytes are important targets. This study used a multiple microinfarctions (MMI)-induced VD rat model to reveal the mechanism of myelination of oligodendrocytes in the recovery of VD model, and to investigate the intervention mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA), an effective therapeutic for VD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
March 2025
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
During development axons undergo long-distance migrations as instructed by guidance molecules and their receptors, such as UNC-6/Netrin and UNC-40/DCC. Guidance cues act through long-range diffusive gradients (chemotaxis) or local adhesion (haptotaxis). However, how these discrete modes of action guide axons in vivo is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Neurol
March 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurological disorder with an increasing incidence rate. Despite advances in ALS research over the years, the precise etiology and pathogenic mechanisms remain largely elusive.
Objective: To identify novel plasma proteins associated with ALS through Mendelian randomization methods in large-scale plasma proteomics and to provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ALS treatment.
Sci Rep
March 2025
Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Toon, 791-0295, Ehime, Japan.
Class 3 semaphorins are axon guidance factors implicated in tumor and vascular biology, including invasive activity. Recent studies indicate that semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) is a potent inhibitor of metastasis; however, its functional role in breast cancer is not fully understood. We found that exogenous SEMA3F inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR downstream kinase S6K in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells via neuropilin-2 (NRP2) receptor.
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