Pulmonary Endarterectomy for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: An STS Database Analysis.

Background: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is optimally treated by pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PEA). Treatment effectiveness has been evaluated principally using single-center series. Data from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were used to evaluate a volume-outcomes relationship for PEA.

Methods: Circulatory arrest procedures performed between 2012 and 2018 were identified through a Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Participant User File. For descriptive purposes, total center procedural volume categories were computed: low (0-75th percentile, <16); medium (76-95th percentile, 16-100); high (>95th percentile, >100). Mixed effect modeling was used to evaluate the effect of center procedural volume (modeled continuously) on operative mortality, adjusting for preoperative risk factors, with centers as a random effect.

Results: There were 1358 cases performed across 64 centers (low volume: n = 49 of 172; medium volume: n = 12 of 527; high volume: n = 3 of 659), with 42 centers performing less than 10 operations during the period. Procedural volume increased 2.6-fold between 2012 and 2018 (94 vs 339), with 79% of the change in volume accounted for by 4 centers. The median preoperative pulmonary artery systolic value was 74 (interquartile range, 57-88) mm Hg, with no difference (P = .55) by center volume categories. In unadjusted analysis, patients at high-volume centers required fewer transfusions, had shorter ventilator and intensive care unit duration, had a lower frequency of postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and trended toward lower mortality (2.1% vs 5.2%; P = .051). Operative mortality was lower at higher-volume centers (adjusted odds ratio [1-case increase], 0.997; 95% confidence interval, 0.994-1.0; P = .025).

Conclusions: Most PEA procedures are performed among a small number of centers, with high-volume hospitals having favorable outcomes. These data suggest a potential role for PEA regionalization.