AI Article Synopsis
- This systematic review analyzes the impact of dietary factors on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity, revealing a strong link between higher caloric intake and the presence of NAFLD.
- The study reviewed 60 relevant research articles involving over 100,000 patients but noted a moderate risk of bias in most studies.
- While total caloric intake was higher in NAFLD patients, the study found no significant differences in macronutrient consumption or in comparisons between NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), highlighting the complexity of dietary influences on liver health.
Article Abstract
Background & Aims: The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with dietary factors is well established but not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes available evidence regarding the effect of nutrition on the presence and severity of NAFLD.
Methods: A literature search was conducted identifying studies published between January 1985 and May 2021. We included studies with a dietary assessment and anthropometry based on validated tools, performed by a qualified dietitian or a trained health professional. We examined differences between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls as well as patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.
Results: There were 60 eligible studies with 100,621 patients. The risk of bias was moderate for the majority of studies (41/60; 68%). According to meta-analyses, total caloric intake was higher in patients with NAFLD compared with controls (mean difference, 78.08; 95% confidence interval, 41.03-115.13). Macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) consumption as proportion of total caloric intake and daily intake of fiber, caffeine and vitamins E, A, and C did not significantly differ between patients with NAFLD and controls. Soft drink consumption had a trend towards association with the presence of NAFLD. However, the odds ratio was 4.4 and the confidence intervals very wide. Finally, there was no significant difference in any comparison between patients with NAFLD and NASH, although the number of patients was relatively small. All meta-analyses had significant heterogeneity.
Conclusions: Overall, despite high heterogeneity among studies, this meta-analysis demonstrated that higher caloric intake is positively associated with NAFLD, whereas diet composition in macronutrients was not associated with the presence or severity of the disease.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2021.11.026 | DOI Listing |
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