Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
This study investigated the variation in oligosaccharide levels in the breast milk of south Chinese mothers in a prolonged breastfeeding period of up to 400 days postpartum. A total of 488 breast milk samples were collected from 335 healthy mothers at five different time points: 0-5 days, 10-15 days, 40-45 days, 200-240 days, and 300-400 days postpartum. A high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD) was used to quantify 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL). In this study, we found six oligosaccharides that were present in breast milk from 0 to 400 days postpartum. The median value ranges of individual oligosaccharide components in this study were 1013-2891 mg/L 2'-FL, 193-1421 mg/L 3-FL, 314-1478 mg/L LNT, 44-255 mg/L LNnT, 111-241 mg/L 3'-SL, and 23-602 mg/L6'-SL. HMO levels decreased over the lactation periods, except for 3-FL, which increased throughout lactation. The predominant fucosylated and sialylated HMOs were 2'-FL and 6'-SL at 40-45 days postpartum and changed to 3-FL and 3'-SL at 200-240 days postpartum. Results from this study showed that lactating women continue to provide their offspring with a high level of 2'-FL one year after delivery, suggesting that 2'-FL may play an important role for infants in early life. Our findings also provide further evidence in support of breastfeeding after one-year postpartum.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623037 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114017 | DOI Listing |
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