AI Article Synopsis
- Respiratory pathogens pose a serious threat to poultry, and their co-infection can worsen symptoms and lesions.
- Two avian respiratory pathogens, Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV) and another unidentified pathogen, are common worldwide, but their interactions in chickens remain poorly understood.
- Using chicken tracheal organ cultures, the study revealed that the order of pathogen infection influences disease severity, with pre-infection by AMPV leading to longer viral replication, stronger immune responses, and more severe lesions compared to the reverse order.
Article Abstract
Respiratory pathogens are a health threat for poultry. Co-infections lead to the exacerbation of clinical symptoms and lesions. () and Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV) are two avian respiratory pathogens that co-circulate worldwide. The knowledge about the host-pathogen interaction of and AMPV in the chicken respiratory tract is limited. We aimed to investigate how co-infections affect the pathogenesis of the respiratory disease and whether the order of invading pathogens leads to changes in host-pathogen interaction. We used chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOC) to investigate pathogen invasion and replication, lesion development, and selected innate immune responses, such as interferon (IFN) α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IFNλ mRNA expression levels. We performed mono-inoculations (AMPV or ) or dual-inoculations in two orders with a 24-h interval between the first and second pathogen. Dual-inoculations compared to mono-inoculations resulted in more severe host reactions. Pre-infection with AMPV followed by resulted in prolonged viral replication, more significant innate immune responses, and lesions ( < 0.05). AMPV as the secondary pathogen impaired the bacterial attachment process. Consequently, the replication was delayed, the innate immune response was less pronounced, and lesions appeared later. Our results suggest a competing process in co-infections and offer new insights in disease processes.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8618481 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112407 | DOI Listing |
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