Aside from HPLC and GC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one of the most important techniques for high-performance separations in modern analytical chemistry. Its main advantages are the possibility of using different detection techniques, the possibility of in-capillary sample processing for preconcentration or derivatization, and ease of instrumental miniaturization down to the microfluidic scale. Those features are utilized in the separation of macromolecules in biochemistry and in genetic investigations, but they can be also used in determinations of inorganic ions in water analysis. This review, based on about 100 original research works, presents applications of CE methods in water analysis reported in recent decade, mostly regarding conductivity detection or indirect UV detection. The developed applications include analysis of high salinity sea waters, as well as analysis of other surface waters and drinking waters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226972 | DOI Listing |
Int J Legal Med
January 2025
Division of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
The ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit has not been thoroughly tested with crude buccal swab lysates in large-scale population studies using massively parallel sequencing (MPS). Commonly used lysis buffers for swabs intending to undergo direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are SwabSolution™ and STR GO! Lysis Buffers, and these have been successfully used to generate population data using capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems. In this study, we investigated the performance and optimisation of SwabSolution™ and STR GO! lysates with the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep workflow and addressed the challenge of failed MPS profiles in initial trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Anal
December 2024
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a part of a cell-to-cell communication system of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Their ability to penetrate biological barriers and to transfer molecules between cells shows their potential as a novel class of drug delivery platform. However, because of the great heterogeneity of EVs and the complexity of biological matrices from which they are typically isolated, reliable quality control procedures need to be established to ensure their safety for medical use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Commun
January 2025
Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus.
Dominantly inherited intronic GAA repeat expansions in the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene have recently been shown to cause spinocerebellar ataxia 27B. Currently, the pathogenic threshold of (GAA) repeat units is considered highly penetrant, while (GAA) is likely pathogenic with reduced penetrance. This study investigated the frequency of the GAA repeat expansion and the phenotypic profile in a Cypriot cohort with unresolved late-onset cerebellar ataxia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrophoresis
January 2025
Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Computer simulation was utilized to characterize the electrophoretic processes occurring during the enantioselective capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of ketamine, norketamine, and hydroxynorketamine in a system with partial filling of the capillary with 19 mM (equals 5%) of highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin (HS-γ-CD) and analyte detection on the cathodic side. Provided that the sample is applied without or with a small amount of the chiral selector, analytes become quickly focused and separated in the thereby formed HS-γ-CD gradient at the cathodic end of the sample compartment. This gradient broadens with time, remains stationary, and gradually reduces its span from the lower side due to diffusion such that analytes with high affinity to the anionic selector become released onto the other side of the focusing gradient where anionic migration and defocusing occur concomitantly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chim Acta
February 2025
Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address:
Background: Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) play a crucial role in maintaining Zn(II) and Cu(I) homeostasis, as well as regulating the cellular redox potential. They are involved in cancer resistance to cisplatin-related drugs and the sequestration of toxic metal ions. To investigate their participation in specific physiological and pathological processes, it is imperative to develop an analytical method for measuring changes in protein concentration both in vitro and in vivo.
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