From Biomarkers to Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of biomarkers involved in COPD, and potential novel biological therapies that may provide additional therapeutic options for COPD. The complex characteristics of COPD have made the recommendation of a generalized therapy challenging, suggesting that a tailored, personalized strategy may lead to better outcomes. Existing and unmet needs for COPD treatment support the continued development of biological therapies, including additional investigations into the potential clinical applications of this approach.