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Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and on the Galápagos Islands. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Emerging evidence shows that human activities, especially urbanization, impact species interactions and evolution, particularly on fragile island ecosystems like the Galápagos.
  • The study focused on how urban development affects Darwin's finches and their food source, revealing that seed and mericarp removal rates were higher in urban areas than in natural habitats, as well as notable changes in finch community composition.
  • The findings suggest that urbanization can significantly alter ecological interactions and potentially influence the evolution of species in tropical islands, an area that has been understudied despite its rich biodiversity.

Article Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that humans shape the ecology and evolution of species interactions. Islands are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance due to the fragility of their ecosystems; however, we know little about the susceptibility of species interactions to urbanization on islands. To address this gap, we studied how the earliest stages of urban development affect interactions between Darwin's finches and its key food resource, , in three towns on the Galápagos Islands. We measured variation in mericarp predation rates, mericarp morphology, and finch community composition using population surveys, experimental manipulations, and finch observations conducted in habitats within and outside of each town. We found that both seed and mericarp removal rates were higher in towns than natural habitats. We also found that selection on mericarp size and defense differed between habitats in the survey and experimental populations and that towns supported smaller and less diverse finch communities than natural habitats. Together, our results suggest that even moderate levels of urbanization can alter ecological interactions between Darwin's finches and . , leading to modified natural selection on . populations. Our study demonstrates that trophic interactions on islands may be susceptible to the anthropogenic disturbance associated with urbanization. Despite containing the highest diversity in the world, studies of urbanization are lacking from the tropics. Our study identified signatures of urbanization on species interactions in a tropical island ecosystem and suggests that changes to the ecology of species interactions has the potential to alter evolution in urban environments.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601916PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8236DOI Listing

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