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Epirubicin (EPI) is a chemotherapeutic agent belonging to the anthracycline drug class indicated for treating several tumors. It acts by suppressing the DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating between their base pair. However, several side effects are associated with this therapy, including cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression. Therefore, EPI delivery in nanosystems has been an interesting strategy to overcome these limitations and improve the safety and efficacy of EPI. Thus, analytical methods have been used to understand and characterize these nanosystems, including spectrophotometric, spectrofluorimetric, and chromatography. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods have been used to quantify EPI in less complex matrices due to their efficiency, low cost, and green chemistry character. By contrast, high-performance liquid chromatography is a suitable method for detecting EPI in more complex matrices (e.g., plasm and urine) owing to its high sensitivity. This review summarizes physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of EPI, its application in drug delivery nanosystems, and the analytical methods employed in its quantification in different matrices, including blood, plasm, urine, and drug delivery nanosystems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2021.2007469 | DOI Listing |
J Colloid Interface Sci
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. Electronic address:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with highly malignant and aggressive, still faces challenges in treatment due to the single treatment and side effects. It is urgent to develop an advanced theranostic platform against TNBC. Herein, an "all-in-one" nano-system Au/Cu nanodots/doxorubicin@nanospheres (Au/CuNDs/DOX@NS) with dual-responsive properties was designed for dual-mode imaging-guided combination treatment of TNBC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Biotechnol
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran.
Introduction: Breast cancer, a formidable global health challenge for women, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacy and minimal side effects. Aripiprazole (ARI), a widely used schizophrenia medication, exhibits promising potential in the treatment of breast cancer. As cancer therapy evolves towards a combination approach, multimodal nano-based delivery systems, such as ARI-loaded niosomes (NIOs) combined with Chitosan-Au nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy, show promise over traditional chemotherapy alone by enhancing targeted efficacy and minimizing side effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address:
Nanocarriers responding to tumor microenvironment have been extensively exploited to improve the antitumor outcome of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, selectively and completely releasing drugs within the tumor remains a challenge, thereby limiting the therapeutic effect of drug delivery nanosystem. To tackle this challenge, a metal-phenolic networks (MPNs)-based nanosystem (F-MGD) showing the capability of self-accelerating drug release was originally fabricated in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Bio Mater
December 2024
Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4300, South Africa.
Bacterial infections pose an increasingly worrisome threat to the health of humankind, with antibiotic resistance contributing significantly to this burden. With current conventional antibiotics perpetuating the problem, and a paucity in developing antibiotics, drug delivery systems incorporating nanotechnology appear promising. As such, a dual enzyme-responsive multifunctional nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) incorporating farnesol (FAN) and triglycerol monostearate (TGMS), was conceptualized for the codelivery of vancomycin (VCM) and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) to enhance the antibacterial activity of VCM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetals are an emerging topic in cancer immunotherapy that have shown great potential in modulating cancer immunity cycle and promoting antitumor immunity by activating the intrinsic immunostimulatory mechanisms which have been identified in recent years. The main challenge of metal-assisted immunotherapy lies in the fact that the free metals as ion forms are easily cleared during circulation, and even cause systemic metal toxicity due to the off-target effects. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, metal-based smart nanosystems (MSNs) with unique controllable structure become one of the most promising delivery carriers to solve the issue, owing to their various endogenous/external stimuli-responsiveness to release free metal ions for metalloimmunotherapy.
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