Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Meningitis: Predictors for Poor Neurologic Outcome at 18 Months.

Aim: To find early predictors for poor neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics of 23 patients with neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis and their neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months. Available group B strains were serotyped and their genomes characterized.

Results: We found several differences between patients with early- (n = 5) and late-onset (n = 18) disease. Nine children had neurologic abnormalities at 18 months and 4 had epilepsy, all of them after late-onset disease. Most important risk factors for poor outcome were impaired consciousness at admission, hemodynamic instability, seizures, or abnormal electroencephalogram during the acute illness and abnormal neurologic and ophthalmologic examination at the end of treatment, whereas abnormalities in laboratory and imaging studies were not predictive. Hypervirulent serotype III, multilocus sequence type 17 group B was the predominant pathogen.

Conclusions: Neurodevelopmental impairment after neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis is likelier in those with clinical and neurophysiological features indicating worse disease severity.