Distribution of Aureococcus anophagefferens in relation to environmental factors and implications for brown tide seed sources in Qinhuangdao coastal waters, China.

Harmful Algae

CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Published: November 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Surveys conducted from June to July 2013, and a broader study in May 2016, analyzed factors like temperature, salinity, and nutrient levels, revealing that the brown tide thrived in warmer (21.5 to 23.2 °C) and saltier (>29) inshore waters.
  • * The study found that A. anophagefferens populations at the bottom of offshore waters could contribute to these tides, influenced by low dissolved inorganic nitrogen and specific environmental conditions in the area.

Article Abstract

Brown tides caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens have occurred along the Qinhuangdao coastline in the Bohai Sea (BS) in recent years. Little is known about the spatio-temporal distribution of A. anophagefferens, particularly its profile distribution and the effects of environmental controls. In this study, four surveys were conducted in Qinhuangdao coastal waters during the brown tide from June to July 2013; another survey was conducted to cover a larger region in the BS in May 2016. Temperature, salinity, nutrients, and chlorophyll a were analyzed; and the density of A. anophagefferens was detected by a sensitive qPCR method. The intensive brown tide only occurred in Qinhuangdao inshore waters at temperatures ranging from 21.5 to 23.2 °C and relatively high salinity (> 29). Redundancy analysis indicated that the low dissolved inorganic nitrogen limited the growth of other pico- and nano-algal species; high dissolved organic nitrogen and low inorganic nutrients were suitable for the development of brown tides in Qinhuangdao coastal waters, which also contained a thermocline during the brown tide. At the early stage of the brown tide, a high abundance of A. anophagefferens appeared at the bottom of offshore waters characterized by low temperature and high salinity. The A. anophagefferens cells were speculated to originate from water mass located in a depression between the central ridge and the Qinhuangdao coastal area. In brief, this study reported the spatio-temporal variation of brown tides based on the abundance of A. anophagefferens and environmental forces and implied that A. anophagefferens could be transported from the bottom of offshore waters to promote brown tides in inshore waters of Qinhuangdao.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102105DOI Listing

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