[Neutropenic Fever in Lung Cancer: Clinical Aspects Related to Mortality and Antibiotic Failure].

Background And Objectives: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death.Patients treated with chemotherapy are at risk of developing chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN), a potentially life-threatening complication.The aims of this study were (1) to characterize FN admissions of patients with LC in a pulmonology department, and (2) to determine associations between patient profiles, first-line antibiotic failure (FLAF) and mortality.

Methods: Retrospective observational case-series, based on the analysis of medical records of LC patients that required hospitalization due to chemotherapy-induced FN.

Results: A total of 42 cases of FN were revised, corresponding to 36 patients, of which 86.1% were male, with a mean age of 66.71±9.83 years.Most patients had a performance status (PS) equal or less than 1, and metastatic disease was present in 40.5%(=17).Respiratory tract infections accounted for 42.9%(=18) of FN cases, and multidrug-resistant was the most isolated agent.The mortality rate was 16.7%(=7), and the FLAF was 26.2%(=11).Mortality was associated with a PS≥2(=0.011), infection by a Gram-negative agent (=0.001) and severe anemia (=0.048).FLAF was associated with longer hospitalizations (=0.020), PS≥2(=0.049), respiratory infections (=0.024), and infection by a Gram-negative (=0.003) or multidrug-resistant agent (=0.014).

Conclusions: Lower PS, severe anemia, and infections by Gram-negative or multi-resistant agents seem to be associated with worse outcomes in FN patients.