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Predicting the Irrelevant: Neural Effects of Distractor Predictability Depend on Load.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Distraction is ubiquitous in human environments. Distracting input is often predictable, but we do not understand when or how humans can exploit this predictability. Here, we ask whether predictable distractors are able to reduce uncertainty in updating the internal predictive model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRewards transiently and automatically enhance sustained attention.
J Exp Psychol Gen
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Yale University.
Our ability to maintain a consistent attentional state is essential to many aspects of daily life. Still, despite our best efforts, attention naturally fluctuates between more and less vigilant states. Previous work has shown that offering performance-based rewards or incentives can help to buffer against attentional lapses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTackling Hominin Tickling: Bonobos Share the Social Features and Developmental Dynamics of Play Tickling With Humans.
Am J Primatol
January 2025
DBIOS Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino (DBIOS), Torino, Italy.
It is under debate whether intersubjectivity-the capacity to experience a sense of togetherness around an action-is unique to humans. In humans, heavy tickling-a repeated body probing play that causes an automatic response including uncontrollable laughter (gargalesis)-has been linked to the emergence of intersubjectivity as it is aimed at making others laugh (self-generated responses are inhibited), it is often asymmetrical (older to younger subjects), and it elicits agent-dependent responses (pleasant/unpleasant depending on social bond). Intraspecific tickling and the related gargalesis response have been reported in humans, chimpanzees, and anecdotally in other great apes, potentially setting the line between hominids and other anthropoids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNavigating visually complex environments requires focusing on relevant information while filtering out (salient) distractions. The signal suppression hypothesis posits that salient stimuli generate an automatic saliency signal that captures attention unless overridden by learned suppression mechanisms. In support of this, ERP studies have demonstrated that salient stimuli that do not capture attention elicit a distractor positivity (PD), a putative neural index of suppression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex Differences in Processing Emotional Speech Prosody: Preliminary Findings from a Multi-Feature Oddball Study.
Brain Sci
November 2024
Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Background/objectives: Emotional prosody, the intonation and rhythm of speech that conveys emotions, is vital for speech communication as it provides essential context and nuance to the words being spoken. This study explored how listeners automatically process emotional prosody in speech, focusing on different neural responses for the prosodic categories and potential sex differences.
Methods: The pilot data here involved 11 male and 11 female adult participants (age range: 18-28).
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