A new time-domain simulation protocol of two-dimensional electronic spectra with photocurrent detection is presented. Time-dependent density functional theory for open systems at finite temperature is applied to evaluate the photocurrent response to four laser pulses, and a non-perturbative phase-matching approach is implemented to extract the fourth-order photocurrent signal with a desired phase-matching condition. Simulations for an open three-level model indicates that transition dipoles interact resonantly with the incident pulses and that different sample-electrode couplings may be identified by appearance of different peaks/valleys in photocurrent spectra from different electrodes. Moreover, qualitative reproduction of experimental spectra of a PbS quantum dot photocell [Karki et al., Nat. Commun. 5(1), 5869 (2014)] reveals the stimulated electron dynamics.
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PLoS One
January 2025
Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
Soil imaging in the field and laboratory has greatly advanced our understanding of plant root systems. Soil fungi function as important plant symbionts and decomposers of complex organic material in soil environments. For fungal hyphae, however, the application of soil imaging remains scarce, limiting our understanding of hyphal systems in soil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
January 2025
Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Poor ambient air quality poses a substantial global health threat. However, accurate measurement remains challenging, particularly in countries such as India where ground monitors are scarce despite high expected exposure and health burdens. This lack of precise measurements impedes understanding of changes in pollution exposure over time and across populations.
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January 2025
FEBS Open Bio Editorial Office, Cambridge, UK.
Different societal, systemic and personal barriers exist at various stages along a female researcher's career that can potentially undermine their success. The equation for women to reach higher positions in STEM is a multivariable one, and while there has been considerable progress towards addressing some of these compared with the past, current solutions are inadequate and do not address all facets. Here, we asked female winners of the FEBS Open Bio poster prize about their experiences regarding barriers they have faced at the predoctoral and postdoctoral stages, their opinions on how these can be addressed and their advice to new students entering a PhD degree.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The ADVOCATE trial demonstrated that treatment of active granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) with avacopan was noninferior in achieving remission at week 26 and superior for sustained remission at week 52 compared with a prednisone taper. This analysis of ADVOCATE evaluated the efficacy and safety of avacopan in patients with ear, nose, throat (ENT), or lung manifestations.
Methods: This post hoc analysis included patients enrolled in ADVOCATE with ENT or lung manifestations at baseline.
FASEB J
January 2025
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a common complication following liver surgery, significantly impacting the prognosis of liver transplantation and other liver surgeries. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), a crucial enzyme in the methionine cycle, has been previously confirmed the pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma, and it has also been demonstrated that BHMT inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, but its role in liver IR injury remains unknow. Following I/R injury, we found that BHMT expression was significantly upregulated in human liver transplant specimens, mice and hepatocytes.
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