Yeast metabolic engineering for carbon dioxide fixation and its application.

As numerous industrial bioprocesses rely on yeast fermentation, developing CO-fixing yeast strains can be an attractive option toward sustainable industrial processes and carbon neutrality. Recent studies have shown that the expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) in yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus, enables mixotrophic CO fixation and production of biofuels. Also, the expression of a synthetic Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle including RuBisCO in Pichia pastoris enables autotrophic growth on CO. This review highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering strategies to enable CO fixation in yeasts. Also, we discuss the potentials of other natural and synthetic metabolic pathways independent of RuBisCO for developing CO-fixing yeast strains capable of producing value-added biochemicals.