AI Article Synopsis
- Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, is linked to a higher risk of developing depression among adults in China.
- In a study involving over 30,000 individuals, increased levels of air pollutants corresponded to significant hazard ratios for depression, indicating a strong association.
- Findings suggest that individuals who did not take protective measures against air pollution were more vulnerable to depression, and results were consistent across various sensitivity analyses.
Article Abstract
Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was linked to depression incidence, although the results were limited and inconsistent.
Objectives: To investigate the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on depression risk prospectively in China.
Methods: The present study used data from Yinzhou Cohort on adults without depression at baseline, and followed up until April 2020. Two-year moving average concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM), ≤10 μm (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) were measured using land-use regression (LUR) models for each participant. Depression cases were ascertained using the Health Information System (HIS) of the local health administration by linking the unique identifiers. We conducted Cox regression models with time-varying exposures to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of depression with each pollutant, after adjusting for a sequence of individual covariates as demographic characteristics, lifestyles, and comorbidity. Besides, physical activity, baseline potential depressive symptoms, cancer status, COVID-19 pandemic, different outcome definitions and air pollution exposure windows were considered in sensitivity analyses.
Results: Among the 30,712 adults with a mean age of 62.22 ± 11.25, 1024 incident depression cases were identified over totaling 98,619 person-years of observation. Interquartile range increments of the air pollutants were associated with increased risks of depression, and the corresponding HRs were 1.59 (95%CI: 1.46, 1.72) for PM, 1.49 (95%CI: 1.35, 1.64) for PM and 1.58 (95%CI: 1.42, 1.77) for NO. Subgroup analyses suggested that participants without taking any protective measures towards air pollution were more susceptible. The results remained robust in all sensitivity analyses.
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution was identified as a risk factor for depression onset. Strategies to reduce air pollution are necessary to decrease the disease burden of depression.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149986 | DOI Listing |
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