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Assessment of photoreceptor recovery and visual function utilizing adaptive optics and microperimetry in patients with surgically closed macular holes.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China, Ministry of Education International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Institute of Eye Health and Eye Diseases, China-UK "Belt and Road" Ophthalmology, Tianjin, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: This study investigated the association between photoreceptor structural restoration and visual function outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for closed macular holes (MHs). Using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) and microperimetry, we aimed to provide a more detailed understanding of photoreceptor recovery and visual improvement in closed MHs.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 31 eyes of 28 patients who underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling to treat idiopathic MHs.
Screening and care for preclinical stage 1-2 type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives: French expert position statement.
Diabetes Metab
December 2024
Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Service d'Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.
The natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) evolves from stage 1 (islet autoimmunity with normoglycemia; ICD-10 diagnostic code E10.A1) to stage 2 (autoimmunity with dysglycemia; E10.A2) and subsequent clinical stage 3 (overt hyperglycemia), which is commonly the first time of referral.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCD36 inhibition corrects lipid-FetuinA mediated insulin secretory defects by preventing intracellular lipid accumulation and inflammation in the pancreatic beta cells.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
February 2025
Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Science), Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- CD36 is a protein that helps with fat uptake and immune response, and it's found to be more active in the pancreatic islets of obese diabetic people, which can lead to issues with insulin secretion.
- The study found that when beta cells were exposed to a combination of palmitate (a fatty acid) and fetuinA (a protein linked to inflammation), it triggered an inflammatory response that worsened lipid buildup and insulin secretion problems.
- Inhibiting CD36 or the inflammatory receptor TLR4 helped reduce this lipid accumulation and restored insulin secretion in beta cells, indicating that targeting CD36 could be a potential treatment for obesity-related beta cell dysfunction.
Depolymerizing F-actin accelerates the exit from pluripotency to enhance stem cell-derived islet differentiation.
bioRxiv
October 2024
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110 USA.
Improving generation of insulin-producing islets from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) would enhance their clinical relevance for treating diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that cytoskeletal state at the onset of differentiation is critical for definitive endoderm formation. Depolymerizing F-actin with latrunculin A (latA) during the first 24 hours of differentiation facilitates rapid exit from pluripotency and alters Activin/Nodal, BMP, JNK-JUN, and WNT pathway signaling dynamics during definitive endoderm formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman mesenchymal stem/stromal cell based-therapy in diabetes mellitus: experimental and clinical perspectives.
Stem Cell Res Ther
October 2024
Human Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
Article Synopsis
- - Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue, and current treatments often do not effectively prevent long-term complications, prompting interest in the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment.
- - MSCs have regenerative properties and can improve diabetes outcomes by enhancing insulin production, reducing insulin resistance, and protecting insulin-producing beta cells, with evidence from animal studies and clinical trials showing positive effects.
- - The review also highlights different strategies to optimize MSC treatment for diabetes, discusses the potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, and addresses challenges like sourcing MSCs and the need for larger clinical trials to better understand their safety and efficacy.
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