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Introduction: In USA, six million individuals with Sub-Saharan ancestry carry two high-risk variants, which increase the risk for kidney diseases. Whether APOL1 high-risk variants are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is unclear and requires further investigation.
Methods: We characterized a mouse model to investigate the role of APOL1 in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
Introducing the Next Era in Assessment.
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A Professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA.
In this introduction, the guest editors of the "Next Era in Assessment" special collection frame the invited papers by envisioning a next era in assessment of medical education, based on ideas developed during a summit that convened professional and educational leaders and scholars. The authors posit that the next era of assessment will focus unambiguously on serving patients and the health of society, reflect its sociocultural context, and support learners' longitudinal growth and development. As such, assessment will be characterized as transformational, development-oriented and socially accountable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKnowledge, interest and perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Neurosurgery. A global survey.
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Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare are growing exponentially. The field of neurosurgery is particularly suited to implement AI solutions given its technology-driven nature. It is of paramount importance to understand the basics of AI to make informed decision on how to shape current and future applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomimetic Effect of Saliva on Human Tooth Enamel: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.
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Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Due to the presence of ion reservoir, saliva may facilitate enamel remineralization and neutralize pH of acidic beverage leads to prevent enamel demineralization. Saliva substitute/artificial saliva has been developed in subsequent years and may differ in physical properties, function, or pH level from 5.0 to 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFast, bioluminescent blinks attract group members of the nocturnal flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron (Bleeker, 1856).
Front Zool
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Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
Background: During their nighttime shoaling, the flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron produce fascinating, bioluminescent blink patterns, which have been related to the localization of food, determination of nearest neighbor distance, and initiation of the shoal's movement direction. Information transfer e.g.
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