One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest: The Chronicles of Stigma and a Proposed Socio-Cognitive-Emotional-Behavioral Model for Understanding Its Genesis in COVID-19.

Stigma is a convoluted interaction between history, sociology, psychology, medicine, anthropology, and politics. Often, stigma is inter-twined at cognitive-emotional-behavioral level with a socio-cultural-economic-political milieu and hence distinct from prejudice, discrimination or, stereotypy. Stigma against diseases as a concept has evolved and has differed among various illnesses. At this time of humanitarian crisis, it is prudent to understand the concept, elements and models of stigma to tackle stigma against COVID-19 instrumentally. Stigma against COVID-19 can be partially extrapolated from various models described in psychiatry for mental illness. We propose an integrated socio-cognitive-emotional-behavioral model of stigma to conceptualize and understand the stigma against COVID-19, a matter of immense public health significance.