Contribution of F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis and management of HIV-positive patients.

Introduction And Objectives: The human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] is a lentevirus, primarily infects certain cells of the immune system, thereby greatly weakens the body's own defenses against diseases. This study was aimed to explore the value and significance of F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of patients with HIV infection and to examine the presence of quantitative alterations in F-FDG uptake among patients with HIV-related infections or malignant diseases in HIV-positive patients.

Patients And Methods: Forty patients with HIV infection were scanned on PET/CT system. The data were registered according to immune status, antiretroviral therapy, and definitive diagnosis. All pathologic lesions and disease related areas were described, F-FDG uptake patterns were evaluated. Semiquantitative analysis of F-FDG uptake was performed and SUVmax were calculated.

Results: Twenty-eight patients [70%] were diagnosed with HIV-related infection or malignant diseases. The sensitivity of PET/CT was shown to be 100% and the specificity 92% for concomitant diseases requiring additional treatment to antiretroviral therapy. The SUVmax and CD4 counts were not statistically different between HIV-related reactive lymphadenopathy, HIV-related malignancy, and HIV-related infections.

Conclusions: The pattern of distribution of nodal/extranodal uptake on F-FDG PET/CT may facilitate distinction between HIV-related generalized lymphadenopathies, HIV-related opportunistic infections, and malignancies. In this context, F-FDG PET/CT should be preferred for routine use in the management of patients infected with HIV.