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Standard enhancement settings used on endoscopy systems significantly impair performance of artificial intelligence systems in endoscopy.
Endoscopy
January 2025
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Background AI-systems in endoscopy are predominantly developed and tested using high-quality imagery from expert centers. Their performance may be different when applied on heterogeneous imagery in clinical practice. This is partially caused by the diversity in post-processing enhancement settings used in endoscopy units.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiome characterization of two fresh pork cuts during production in a pork fabrication facility.
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
The goal of this study was to characterize the microbial profile of two different fresh pork cuts, bootjack (BJ) trim and tenderloin (TL), through a 16S rRNA sequencing workflow developed specifically for investigating low-biomass fresh meat within a commercial production schedule. Additionally, this study aimed to determine a baseline prevalence and enumeration profile across these two fresh pork cuts. Results showed that microbiome diversity was different between the BJ and TL, and also differed significantly by processing date.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-world Plasma Exposure of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Chinese Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
Ther Drug Monit
January 2025
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Background: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is licensed for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients at an increased risk of progression to severe disease. However, data on the real-world plasma exposure to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir remain limited, particularly in Chinese patients. This study aimed to assess the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir trough concentration (Ctrough) and identify its critical factors in hospitalized Chinese patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg twice daily over a 5-day course.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAre medical school preclinical tests biased for sex and race? A differential item functioning analysis.
BMC Med Educ
January 2025
University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Building, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Background: A common practice in assessment development, fundamental for fairness and consequently the validity of test score interpretations and uses, is to ascertain whether test items function equally across test-taker groups. Accordingly, we conducted differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, a psychometric procedure for detecting potential item bias, for three preclinical medical school foundational courses based on students' sex and race.
Methods: The sample included 520, 519, and 344 medical students for anatomy, histology, and physiology, respectively, collected from 2018 to 2020.
Evaluating vitamin C-related gene-environment and metabolite-environment interaction effects on intraocular pressure in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
BMC Genom Data
January 2025
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Office 101E, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
High intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for glaucoma, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, the etiology of high IOP remains uncertain. Metabolites are compounds involved in metabolism which provide a link between the internal (genetic) and external environments.
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