A study of the mechanisms responsible for the action of new immunosuppressants and their effects on rat small intestinal transplantation.

In a series of studies, using an identical rat intestinal transplantation model, we evaluated the effects of several drugs. FK-506 caused a significant attenuation in the proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ secreting effector functions. FYT720 resulted in a marked reduction in the numbers of lymphocytes, associated with a reduction of T cell recruitment, in grafts. An anti-MAdCAM antibody was next reported to significantly down-regulate CD4+ T cell infiltration in intestinal grafts by blocking the adhesion molecule, and could be useful as an induction therapy. Concerning TAK-779, this CCR5 and CXCR3 antagonist diminished the number of graft-infiltrating cells by suppressing the expression of their receptors in the graft. As a result, it reduced the total number of recipient T cells involved in graft rejection. As the next step, we focused on the participation of monocytes/ macrophages in this field. PQA-18 has been the focus of a novel immunosuppressant that attenuates not only the production of various cytokines, such as IL-2 & TNF-α, on T cells, but the differentiation of macrophages by inhibiting PAK2 as well. In this report, we summarize our previous studies not only regarding the above drugs, but on an anti-complement drug and a JAK inhibitor as well.