Epidemics of nutritional deficiency disorders, caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals, were once very common and claimed many victims. Fortunately, advances in medicine have led to improved diets and a decline in the incidence of these disorders so that they are now seen clinically less often. Reminders of diseases such as scurvy, chlorosis, and pellagra can be found in artwork from the 19th century. The striking clinical presentation of these diseases caught the attention of artists who used them as themes in their work. We discuss the following three works of art: Gustave Doré's engraving for The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (plate 10), which features scurvy; Sebastian Junyent's painting Chlorosis; and Giuseppe Mentessi's painting Our Daily Bread, which portrays pellagra.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.05.011 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom.
Species reintroductions are increasingly seen as important methods of biodiversity restoration. Reintroductions of red kites Milvus milvus and white-tailed eagles Halieaeetus albicilla to Britain, which were extirpated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, represent major conservation successes. Here, we measured stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in feather keratin and bone collagen of museum specimens of red kites and white-tailed eagles, which were collected from across Scotland between the 1800s and 2010s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Health Prev Dent
January 2025
Purpose: To trace the history of interdental brushes (IDBs) from their origins to the present, highlighting their development and future prospects compared to other interdental hygiene aids.
Methods And Materials: A literature search using digital databases, manual reviews and on-site research in museums were carried out.
Results: Although extensive literature exists on toothbrushes, flosses and toothpicks, there has been no comprehensive study of IDBs.
J Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Following the industrial revolution and the modernization of chemistry, purple became one of the most popular colors in the palettes of late 19th- to 20th-century painters. Among them, Robert Delaunay (1885-1941) was one of the key artists of the avant-garde movement in France in the early 20th century. Although widely used in modern and contemporary paintings, inorganic purple pigments of the cobalt phosphate and cobalt arsenate families have been little studied chemically until now.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxics
November 2024
UPIZ Educational and Research Laboratory of Biology-MF-NBU, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal primarily found as a by-product of zinc production. Cd was a proven carcinogen, and exposure to this metal has been linked to various adverse health effects, which were first reported in the mid-19th century and thoroughly investigated by the 20th century. The toxicokinetics and dynamics of Cd reveal its propensity for long biological retention and predominant storage in soft tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Lanolin is a fatty substance derived from sheep's fleece. The ancient Greeks used the moisturizing and skin-protective properties of this substance. The technique of industrial production of lanolin was developed in Germany in the 19th century.
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