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Validation of a method for estimating pulmonary dead space in ventilated beagles to correct exhaled propofol concentration in mixed air.
BMC Vet Res
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: Mixed exhaled air has been widely used to determine exhaled propofol concentrations with online analyzers, but changes in dead space proportions may lead to inaccurate assessments of critical drug concentration data. This study proposes a method to correct propofol concentration in mixed air by estimating pulmonary dead space through reconstructing volumetric capnography (Vcap) from time-CO and time-volume curves, validated with vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry (VUV-TOF MS).
Methods: Existing monitoring parameters, including time-volume and time-CO curves, were used to determine Vcap.
Colloidal gels are prime examples of functional materials exhibiting disordered, amorphous, yet metastable forms. They maintain stability through short-range attractive forces and their material properties are tunable by external forces. Combining persistent homology analyses and simulations of three-dimensional colloidal gels doped with active particles, we reveal novel dynamically evolving structures of colloidal gels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFormation of a low-mass galaxy from star clusters in a 600-million-year-old Universe.
Nature
December 2024
Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
The most distant galaxies detected were seen when the Universe was a scant 5% of its current age. At these times, progenitors of galaxies such as the Milky Way were about 10,000 times less massive. Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) combined with magnification from gravitational lensing, these low-mass galaxies can not only be detected but also be studied in detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhancer cooperativity can compensate for loss of activity over large genomic distances.
Mol Cell
November 2024
Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Center for Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:
Enhancers are short DNA sequences that activate their target promoter from a distance; however, increasing the genomic distance between the enhancer and the promoter decreases expression levels. Many genes are controlled by combinations of multiple enhancers, yet the interaction and cooperation of individual enhancer elements are not well understood. Here, we developed a synthetic platform in mouse embryonic stem cells that allows building complex regulatory landscapes from the bottom up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBlood osmolytes such as sugar can drive brain fluid flows in a poroelastic model.
Sci Rep
November 2024
Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
The glymphatic system of fluid flow through brain tissue may clear amyloid-β during sleep and as such underlie the need for sleep. Dysfunctional glymphatic transport has been implicated in pathological conditions ranging from stroke and dementia to psychiatric illnesses. To date, the fastest observed in-vivo brain flows have been reported after the manipulation of blood osmotic pressures.
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