The output network of the basal ganglia plays an important role in motor, associative, and limbic processing and is generally characterized by the pallidothalamic and nigrothalamic pathways. However, these connections in the human brain remain difficult to elucidate because of the resolution limit of current neuroimaging techniques. The present study aimed to investigate the mesoscopic nature of these connections between the thalamus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and globus pallidus internal segment using 7 Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, track-density imaging (TDI) of the whole human brain was employed to overcome the limitations of observing the pallidothalamic and nigrothalamic tracts. Owing to the super-resolution of the TD images, the substructures of the SN, as well as the associated tracts, were identified. This study demonstrates that 7T MRI and MR tractography can be used to visualize anatomical details, as well as 3D reconstruction, of the output projections of the basal ganglia.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8579044 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2021.739576 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
3D Reconstruction of the Human Pallidothalamic and Nigrothalamic Pathways With Super-Resolution 7T MR Track Density Imaging and Fiber Tractography.
Front Neuroanat
October 2021
Neuroscience Convergence Center, Green Manufacturing Research Center (GMRC), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
The output network of the basal ganglia plays an important role in motor, associative, and limbic processing and is generally characterized by the pallidothalamic and nigrothalamic pathways. However, these connections in the human brain remain difficult to elucidate because of the resolution limit of current neuroimaging techniques. The present study aimed to investigate the mesoscopic nature of these connections between the thalamus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and globus pallidus internal segment using 7 Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnmasking adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs) in monkey basal ganglia output neurons using cholera toxin subunit B (CTB).
Neurobiol Dis
September 2012
Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra Medical College, Pamplona, Spain.
The A(2A)R has become a therapeutic target in Parkinson disease due to its functional role in the striatum, capable of modulating dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia. No conclusive evidence, however, has been provided to demonstrate the existence of A(2A)Rs in the output nuclei of the basal ganglia: the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques we have confirmed the presence of A(2A)Rs in both the striatum (medium spiny and cholinergic neurons) and the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), in the monkey.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNigral and pallidal inputs to functionally segregated thalamostriatal neurons in the centromedian/parafascicular intralaminar nuclear complex in monkey.
J Comp Neurol
June 2002
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
In primates, thalamostriatal projections from the centromedian (CM) and parafascicular (Pf) nuclei are strong and organized according to a strict pattern of functional connectivity with various regions of the striatal complex. In turn, the CM/Pf complex receives a substantial innervation from the internal globus pallidus (GPi). In this study, we demonstrate that the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) also provides a massive input to Pf in monkeys.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpression of 10 GABA(A) receptor subunit messenger RNAs in the motor-related thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia of Macaca mulatta studied with in situ hybridization histochemistry.
Neuroscience
July 1998
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA.
In situ hybridization histochemistry technique with [35S]UTP-labelled riboprobes was used to study the expression pattern of 10 GABA(A) receptor subunit messenger RNAs in the basal ganglia and motor thalamic nuclei of rhesus monkey. Human transcripts were used for the synthesis of alpha2, alpha4, beta2, beta3, gamma1 and delta subunit messenger RNA probes. Rat complementary DNAs were used for generating alpha1, alpha3, beta1 and gamma2 subunit messenger RNA probes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThalamic ventrobasal stimulation for pain relief. Probable mechanisms, pathways and neurotransmitters.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr
December 1994
Department of Psysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil.
Thalamic ventrobasal (VB) stimulation, first performed by Mazars, in 1961, is a valuable means for treating central and deafferentation pain. The way it acts to achieve pain relief, however, is still a matter of controversy. In this paper, the author examines previously proposed hypotheses and suggests that VB stimulation induces pain relief by activation of a multisynaptic inhibitory pathway to the medial thalamus, in which the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system exerts an important role and by modulation of abnormal activity in VB itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!