This paper describes the fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using a novel, inexpensive ink composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA), utilizing BSA's thermal denaturation and aggregation to create a hydrophobic barrier on Whatman® Grade 4 filter paper. A 20% aqueous solution of BSA was inked onto the paper using a pen plotter at moderate speed (5 cm/s) with desired shape and size followed by heating at 80 °C to denature the BSA leading to hydrophobic barriers formation, whereas below 80 °C the barrier layer is prone to collapse. The minimum line gap and line width of ~1 mm and ~1.3 mm were achieved. Finally, a proof-of-concept glucose sensing was shown while addressing the issue of the coffee ring effect using the biopolymer NanoCheck-ATH® from ChitoLytic Inc. The glucose concentration limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.2 mg/mL was estimated. The developed technique offers ease of fabrication, high reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and is environmentally friendly.
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