High-frequency Ventilation.

High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is an alternative to conventional mechanical ventilation, with theoretic benefits of less risk of ventilator lung injury and more effectivity in washout CO. Previous clinical studies have not demonstrated advantages of HFV in preterm infants compared with conventional ventilation, so rescue HFV has been used when severe respiratory insufficiency needs aggressive ventilator settings in immature infants. Today it is possible to measure, set directly, and fix tidal volume, which can protect the immature lung from large volumes and fluctuations of the tidal volume. This strategy can be used in preterm infants with respiratory failure needing invasive ventilation.