Nuage are RNA-rich condensates that assemble around the nuclei of developing germ cells. Many proteins required for the biogenesis and function of silencing small RNAs (sRNAs) enrich in nuage, and it is often assumed that nuage is the cellular site where sRNAs are synthesized and encounter target transcripts for silencing. Using as a model, we examine the complex multicondensate architecture of nuage and review evidence for compartmentalization of silencing pathways. We consider the possibility that nuage condensates balance the activity of competing sRNA pathways and serve to limit, rather than enhance, sRNA amplification to protect transcripts from dangerous runaway silencing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.079003.121 | DOI Listing |
Nature
December 2024
Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
Development
November 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, USA.
Throughout metazoa, germ cells assemble RNA-protein organelles (germ granules). In Drosophila ovaries, perinuclear nuage forms in the nurse cells, while compositionally similar polar granules form in the oocyte. A similar system appears to exist in the distantly related (∼350 million years) wasp Nasonia, with some surprising divergences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Cell Biol
August 2024
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Biomolecular condensates organize biochemical processes at the subcellular level and can provide spatiotemporal regulation within a cell. Among these, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are storage hubs for translationally repressed mRNA. Whether RNP granules can also activate translation and how this could be achieved remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Genet
November 2024
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Germ cells are the only cells in the body capable of giving rise to a new organism, and this totipotency hinges on their ability to assemble membraneless germ granules. These specialized RNA and protein complexes are hallmarks of germ cells throughout their life cycle: as embryonic germ granules in late oocytes and zygotes, Balbiani bodies in immature oocytes, and nuage in maturing gametes. Decades of developmental, genetic and biochemical studies have identified protein and RNA constituents unique to germ granules and have implicated these in germ cell identity, genome integrity and gamete differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe studied the function of translation factor eIF4E isoforms in regulating mRNAs in germ cell granules/condensates. Translational control of mRNAs plays an essential role in germ cell gene regulation. Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes assemble on mRNAs as they move from the nucleus into perinuclear germ granules to exert both positive and negative post-transcriptional regulation in the cytoplasm.
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