As a light structure, composite sandwich panels are distinguished by their significant bending stiffness that is rapidly used in the manufacture of aircraft bodies. This study focuses on the mechanical behaviour of through-thickness polymer, pin-reinforced foam core sandwich panels subjected to indentation and low impact loading. Experimental and computational approaches are used to study the global and internal behaviour of the sandwich panel. The samples for experimental testing were made from glass/polyester laminates as the face sheets and polyurethane foam as the foam core. To further reinforce the samples against bending, different sizes of polymeric pins were implemented on the sandwich panels. The sandwich panel was fabricated using the vacuum infusion process. Using the experimental data, a finite element model of the sample was generated in LS-DYNA software, and the effect of pin size and loading rate were examined. Results of the simulation were validated through a proper prediction compared to the test data. The results of the study show that using polymeric pins, the flexural strength of the panel significantly increased under impact loading. In addition, the impact resistance of the pin-reinforced foam core panel increased up to 20%. Moreover, the size of pins has a significant influence on the flexural behaviour while the sample was under a moderate strain rate. To design an optimum pin-reinforced sandwich panel a "design of experiment model" was generated to predict energy absorption and the maximum peak load of proposed sandwich panels. The best design of the panel is recommended with 1.8 mm face sheet thickness and 5 mm pins diameter.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213627 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
January 2025
Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Despite the extensive literature revealing various core structures that can enhance the impact resistance of composite panels, a comparative study illustrating the difference in performance of the various cores under same loading conditions is missing. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal core structure and design in terms of energy absorption under low-velocity impact using both numerical simulations and experimental testing for validation. Response surface analysis was used to design the experiments and analyse the panel's behaviour.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Apartado, 159-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Physical properties were studied in commercial plantation of balsa established in Costa Rica. Among other variables studied, physical properties varied mainly for tree age, spacing, stand density, diameter, and height of trees, which we named dasometric conditions. The aim of this study was (i) to determine the variation of specific gravity (SG), air-dry density (AD), green density (GD), and green moisture content (GMC), (ii) to know the site effect and dasometric conditions on these properties, and (iii) to establish the relationship between the four physical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Integrated Design and Tribology Systems, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszów University of Technology, ul. Kwiatkowskiego 4, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland.
In addition to the traditional uses of plywood, such as furniture and construction, it is also widely used in areas that benefit from its special combination of strength and lightness, particularly as a construction material for the production of finishing elements of campervans and yachts. In light of the current need to reduce emissions of climate-damaging gases such as CO, the use of lightweight construction materials is very important. In recent years, hybrid structures made of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) and metals have attracted much attention in many industries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Sustainable Bioproducts, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9820, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
This study explores the potential of using underutilized materials from agricultural and forestry systems, such as rice husk, wheat straw, and wood strands, in developing corrugated core sandwich panels as a structural building material. By leveraging the unique properties of these biobased materials within a corrugated geometry, the research presents a novel approach to enhancing the structural performance of such underutilized biobased materials. These biobased materials were used in different lengths to consider the manufacturing feasibility of corrugated panels and the effect of fiber length on their structural performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGene Ther
January 2025
Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, 30322, Georgia.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive disease that affects motor neurons, with symptoms usually starting in infancy or early childhood. Recent breakthroughs in treatments targeting SMA have improved both lifespan and quality of life for infants and children with the disease. Given the impact of these treatments, it is essential to develop methods for managing treatment-induced changes in disease characteristics.
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