AI Article Synopsis
- Systemic racism contributes to residential segregation, which can lead to disparities in health outcomes, particularly in cognitive function and dementia among older adults.
- A study of older residents in Northern Manhattan revealed that living in areas with more minoritized populations negatively affected language skills, while areas encouraging interaction between groups improved those skills.
- Non-Hispanic Black adults faced the most significant cognitive declines related to segregation, highlighting the need for desegregation and equitable resource distribution to enhance cognitive health in later life.
Article Abstract
Systemic racism leads to racial/ethnic residential segregation, which can result in health inequities. We examined if the associations between residential segregation and later-life cognition and dementia differed based on segregation measure and by participant race/ethnicity. Tests of memory ( = 4616), language ( = 4333), visuospatial abilities ( = 4557), and incident dementia ( = 4556) were analyzed in older residents of Northern Manhattan, New York (mean age: 75.7 years). Segregation was measured at the block group-level using three indices: dissimilarity, isolation, and interaction. We fit multilevel linear or Cox proportional hazards models and included a race/ethnicity × segregation term to test for differential associations, adjusting for socioeconomic and health factors. Living in block groups with higher proportions of minoritized people was associated with -0.05 SD lower language scores. Living in block groups with higher potential contact between racial/ethnic groups was associated with 0.06-0.1 SD higher language scores. The findings were less pronounced for other cognitive domains and for incident dementia. Non-Hispanic Black adults were most likely to experience negative effects of neighborhood segregation on cognition (language and memory) and dementia. All indices partly capture downstream effects of structural racism (i.e., unequal distributions of wealth/resources) on cognition. Therefore, desegregation and equitable access to resources have the potential to improve later-life cognitive health.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8583156 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111233 | DOI Listing |
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