Serum levels of cytokines interleukin 1 beta ( ) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) are highly abnormal in heart failure and remain elevated after mechanical circulatory support (MCS). However, local cytokine signaling induction remains elusive. Left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocardial tissue specimens of end-stage heart failure (HF) patients without ( = 24) and with MCS ( = 39; 594 ± 57 days) were analyzed for cytokine mRNA expression level of , interleukin 1 receptor 1/2 (), interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (), and interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (). MCS patients showed significantly elevated expression levels (LV: 2.0 fold, = 0.0058; RV: 3.3 fold, < 0.0001). Moreover, , and expression levels strongly correlated with each other. IL-1RL1 and expression levels were significantly higher in RV myocardial tissue (RV/LV ratio HF: 4.400 ± 1.359; MCS: 4.657 ± 0.655; IL-1RL1 HF: 3.697 ± 0.876; MCS: 4.529 ± 0.5839). In addition, IL1-RaP and RV expression levels were significantly elevated in MCS. Furthermore, expression correlates with C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels in HF, but not in MCS patients. Increased expression of and altered correlation patterns of receptors indicate enhanced signaling in MCS patients. Correlation of receptor expression with may hint towards a link between both pathways. Moreover, diverging expression in LV and RV suggests specific regulation of local cytokine signaling.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214856 | DOI Listing |
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